Staff profile

• 2020 - present: Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Durham University
• 2019 - 2020: AHRC Research Associate, Newcastle University. Waves of colonization around the Sea of Moyle
• 2017 - 2020: Physical Geography Lecturer, Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University
• 2017 - 2018: Wellcome Trust Seed Award Research Associate, History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University. Biofuels and respiratory health - potentials of the archaeological record
• 2015 - 2017: AHRC Research Associate, Newcastle University. Celtic connections and crannogs
• 2011 - 2015: PhD, University of Southampton. Testing peatland-carbon responses to late Holocene environmental change in eastern North America
• 2007 - 2011: BSc Environmental Chemistry and Geography, University of Glasgow, First Class honours

Current Research

My research combines organic geochemical and palaeoecological approaches to study long-term environmental change and interactions between humans and the environment. My primary focus is the analysis of molecular fossils (lipid biomarkers) extracted from terrestrial sedimentary archives (lakes, peatlands and wetlands) to reconstruct the presence of humans and animals in the landscape and examine natural and anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem change.

I am particularly interested in the development and application of faecal lipid biomarkers within studies of paleoenvironmental change and geoarchaeology. For example, I have recently used these lipid biomarkers in multi-proxy studies to characterise Scottish prehistoric wetland settlement use, track bird Holocene bird migration patterns in Greenland and refine Pacific island colonisation times.

Research Projects

Long-human environment interactions in Western Siberia
Funded by NERC UK-Arctic Bursary Programme.

Together with colleagues from Tyumen State University, Bournemouth University, Newcastle University and University of Southampton, we aim to characterise the timings, intensities and economies of occupations associated with Neolithic settlements discovered at Lake Mergen, western Siberia. This is one of the first settled locations in the region and is thought to have played a pivotal role in the northward migration and (re)settlement of agriculturists from steppe and semi-desert landscapes further south into western Siberia. Here we complement knowledge obtained from archaeological excavations by analysing pollen, charcoal, chironomids, sedaDNA and lipids biomarkers from lake sediments obtained proximal to the settlements. Our reconstructions of environmental change, animal husbandry and agriculture will be used to determine the role that climate played in shaping settlement dynamics and economies in this region of western Siberia.

EAGER: Experiments to test potential identification biases of environmental DNA in unfrozen archaeological sediments
With Nancy Bigelow, University of Fairbanks. Funded by NSF Supplement.

Together with colleagues from University of Fairbanks, University of Southampton and University of Tromsø Museum, we aim to evaluate the sensitivity and precision of fish environmental DNA and faecal lipid biomarkers analysed from Alaskan lake sediments. Our reconstructions of fish and the presence of humans within the lake catchment will be compared with known histories of human impact and fish stock manipulation since the 1900s to advance understandings of these approaches and assess their reliability within this depositional environment.

Waves of colonization around the Sea of Moyle: Linking population history, resilience and landscape change of island communities
With Andrew Henderson at Newcastle University (PI: Tony Brown, University of Southampton, University of Tromsø Museum). Funded by AHRC.

Together with colleagues from Newcastle University, University of Tromsø Museum, University of Southampton and Queens University Belfast, we aim to identify and understand the changing landscapes and population history over the last three millennia of a group of small islands around the Sea of Moyle, which is located between the Irish Sea and Atlantic Ocean. We are developing sedimentary palaeoenvironment reconstructions using a range of palaeoecological (pollen and spores) and molecular (lipid biomarkers and sedaDNA) proxies and comparing these with existing historical and archaeological evidence to identify cultural, socio-political and environmental drivers of population and landscape change in this region.

External Roles

• Associate Editor of Geoarchaeology Journal
• Member of UK-SRFE Knowledge exchange network 'DIMA' (Developing Innovative Multiproxy Analyses - in Siberia and the Russian Far East)

• Quaternary Environmental Change
• Human-environment interactions
• Biogeochemical cycles
• Lacustrine and peatland palaeoenvironments
• Wetland Archaeology
• Organic geochemistry (lipid biomarkers)
• Palaeoecology (plant macrofossils and testate amoebae)
• Tephrochronology

Journal Article

• Crone, A., Cavers, G., Allison, E., Davies, K., Hamilton, D., Henderson, A., Mackay, H., McLaren, D., Robertson, J., Roy, L., & Whitehouse, N. (in press). Nasty, Brutish and Short?; The Life Cycle of an Iron Age Roundhouse at Black Loch of Myrton, SW Scotland. Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 18(2), https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2019.1576413
• McClymont, E. L., Mackay, H., Stevenson, M. A., Damm-Johnsen, T., Honan, E. M., Penny, C. E., & Cole, Y. A. (2023). Biomarker proxies for reconstructing Quaternary climate and environmental change. Journal of Quaternary Science, 38(7), 991-1024. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3559
• Brown, A., Fonville, T., Van Hardenbroek, M. R., Cavers, G., Crone, A., McCormick, F., Murray, E., Mackay, H., Whitehouse, N., Henderson, A., Barratt, P., Davies, K., Head, K., Langdon, P., Alsos, I., & Pirrie, D. (2022). New integrated molecular approaches for understanding lake settlements in NW Europe. Antiquity, 96(389), 1179-1199. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2022.70
• Silva, F., Coward, F., Davies, K., Elliott, S., Jenkins, E., Newton, A. C., Riris, P., Vander Linden, M., Bates, J., Cantarello, E., Contreras, D. A., Crabtree, S. A., Crema, E. R., Edwards, M., Filatova, T., Fitzhugh, B., Fluck, H., Freeman, J., Klein Goldewijk, K., Krzyzanska, M., …Williams, A. (2022). Developing Transdisciplinary Approaches to Sustainability Challenges: The Need to Model Socio-Environmental Systems in the Longue Durée. Sustainability, 14(16), Article 10234. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610234
• Shillito, L.-M., Namdeo, A., Bapat, A. V., Mackay, H., & Haddow, S. D. (2022). Analysis of fine particulates from fuel burning in a reconstructed building at Çatalhöyük World Heritage Site, Turkey: assessing air pollution in prehistoric settled communities. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 44(3), 1033-1048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01000-2
• Mackay, H., Plunkett, G., Jensen, B., Aubry, T., Corona, C., Kim, W. M., Toohey, M., Sigl, M., Stoffel, M., Anchukaitis, K., Raible, C., Bolton, M., Manning, J., Newfield, T., Di Cosmo, N., Ludlow, F., Kostick, C., Yang, Z., Coyle McClung, L., Amesbury, M., …Swindles, G. (2022). The 853 CE Mount Churchill eruption: examining the potential climatic and societal impacts and the timing of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the North Atlantic Region. Climate of the Past, 18(6), 1475-1508. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022
• Brown, A., Van Hardenbroek, M., Fonville, T., Davies, K., Mackay, H., Murray, E., Head, K., Barratt, P., McCormick, F., Ficetola, G., Gielly, L., Henderson, A., Crone, A., Cavers, G., Langdon, P., Whitehouse, N., Pirrie, D., & Alsos, I. (2021). Ancient DNA, lipid biomarkers and palaeoecological evidence reveals construction and life on early medieval lake settlements. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 11807. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91057-x
• Mackay, H., Amesbury, M. J., Langdon, P. G., Charman, D. J., Magnan, G., van Bellen, S., Garneau, M., Bainbridge, R., & Hughes, P. D. (2021). Spatial variation of hydroclimate in north-eastern North America during the last millennium. Quaternary Science Reviews, 256, Article 106813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106813
• Ribeiro, S., Limoges, A., Massé, G., Johansen, K. L., Colgan, W., Weckström, K., Jackson, R., Georgiadis, E., Mikkelsen, N., Kuijpers, A., Olsen, J., Olsen, S. M., Nissen, M., Andersen, T. J., Strunk, A., Wetterich, S., Syväranta, J., Henderson, A. C., Mackay, H., Taipale, S., …Davidson, T. A. (2021). Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change. Nature Communications, 12, Article 4475. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24742-0
• Mackay, H., Davies, K. L., Robertson, J., Roy, L., Bull, I. D., Whitehouse, N. J., Crone, A., Cavers, G., McCormick, F., Brown, A. G., & Henderson, A. C. (2020). Characterising life in settlements and structures: Incorporating faecal lipid biomarkers within a multiproxy case study of a wetland village. Journal of Archaeological Science, 121, Article 105202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2020.105202
• Shillito, L.-M., & Mackay, H. (2020). Middens, Waste Disposal, and Health at Çatalhöyük. Near Eastern Archaeology, 83(3), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.1086/710134
• Sear, D. A., Allen, M. S., Hassall, J. D., Maloney, A. E., Langdon, P. G., Morrison, A. E., Henderson, A. C., Mackay, H., Croudace, I. W., Clarke, C., Sachs, J. P., Macdonald, G., Chiverrell, R. C., Leng, M. J., Cisneros-Dozal, L., Fonville, T., & Pearson, E. (2020). Human settlement of East Polynesia earlier, incremental, and coincident with prolonged South Pacific drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8813-8819. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920975117
• Ledger, M. L., Anastasiou, E., Shillito, L.-M., Mackay, H., Bull, I. D., Haddow, S. D., Knüsel, C. J., & Mitchell, P. D. (2019). Parasite infection at the early farming community of Çatalhöyük. Antiquity, 93(369), https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.61
• Shillito, L., Blong, J., Sawyer, A., & Mackay, H. (2019). Geoarchaeology from landscapes to material culture: Papers from the 7th Developing International Geoarchaeology conference. Geoarchaeology, 34(4), 377-379. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21742
• Amesbury, M. J., Booth, R. K., Roland, T. P., Bunbury, J., Clifford, M. J., Charman, D. J., Elliot, S., Finkelstein, S., Garneau, M., Hughes, P. D., Lamarre, A., Loisel, J., Mackay, H., Magnan, G., Markel, E. R., Mitchell, E. A., Payne, R. J., Pelletier, N., Roe, H., Sullivan, M. E., …Warner, B. G. (2018). Towards a Holarctic synthesis of peatland testate amoeba ecology: Development of a new continental-scale palaeohydrological transfer function for North America and comparison to European data. Quaternary Science Reviews, 201, 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.034
• Gallego-Sala, A. V., Charman, D. J., Brewer, S., Page, S. E., Prentice, I. C., Friedlingstein, P., Moreton, S., Amesbury, M. J., Beilman, D. W., Björck, S., Blyakharchuk, T., Bochicchio, C., Booth, R. K., Bunbury, J., Camill, P., Carless, D., Chimner, R. A., Clifford, M., Cressey, E., Courtney-Mustaphi, C., …Zhao, Y. (2018). Latitudinal limits to the predicted increase of the peatland carbon sink with warming. Nature Climate Change, 8(10), 907–913. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0271-1
• Jensen, B. J., Pyne-O’Donnell, S., Plunkett, G., Froese, D. G., Hughes, P. D., Sigl, M., McConnell, J. R., Amesbury, M. J., Blackwell, P. G., van den Bogaard, C., Buck, C. E., Charman, D. J., Clague, J. J., Hall, V. A., Koch, J., Mackay, H., Mallon, G., McColl, L., & Pilcher, J. R. (2017). Transatlantic distribution of the Alaskan White River Ash. Geology, 42(10), 875–878. https://doi.org/10.1130/g35945.1
• Mackay, H., Hughes, P. D., Jensen, B. J., Langdon, P. G., Pyne-O'Donnell, S. D., Plunkett, G., Froese, D. G., Coulter, S., & Gardner, J. E. (2016). A mid to late Holocene cryptotephra framework from eastern North America. Quaternary Science Reviews, 132, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.011
• Roland, T., Mackay, H., & Hughes, P. (2015). Tephra analysis in ombrotrophic peatlands: A geochemical comparison of acid digestion and density separation techniques. Journal of Quaternary Science, 30(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2754