Staff profile

2013 – present — Professor in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Durham.

2006 – 2012: — Professor Reader in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Durham.

2002 – 2006 — Professor Senior lecturer in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Durham.

1998 – 2002: — Lecturer in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Durham.

1996 – 1998 — Temporary lecturer in Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Durham.

1995 – 1996 — Higher Scientific Officer, Fluid Processes Group, British Geological Survey

1995 — PhD (Reading)

1992 — MA (Cantab)

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Career Research Highlights

Fred’s research career started with work on pesticide pollution which included use of molecular modelling that lead to an ab initio explanation of groundwater pollution and new methods of measuring groundwater vulnerability. While in Durham, Fred was the first to develop a complete carbon budget for a Peatlands which was extended to consider impact of management upon the greenhouse gas balance of Peatlands and modelling of these fluxes. More recent work has considered global processes and especially the impact of the oxidation state of the terrestrial biosphere.

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Committee and Society Service

Member of the NERC peer review college

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Conferences and Workshops

2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 — “Peatlands”. Session Convenor, EGU General Assembly

2007 — “Biogeochemical fluxes from northern watersheds”, Session Convenor, AGU Fall Meeting

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Invited Speaker (selected, since 2008)

2012 — AGU Fall Meeting

2011 — AGU Fall Meeting

2010 — AGU Fall meeting

2008 — EGU General Assembly

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Membership of Organisations and Societies

Member of the Higher Education Academy

Member of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences

Member of the European Geosciences Union

Member of the American Geophysical Union

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• Agricultural pollution, especially pesticide and nitrate pollution
• Carbon biogeochemistry especially of peats and rivers
• Contaminant hydrology
• Environmental chemistry

Chapter in book

• Worrall, F. (2002). Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from borehole observations. In K. Hiscock, M. Rivett, & R. Davison (Eds.), Sustainable Groundwater Development (245-254). Geological Society, London, Spec
• Wooff, D., Seheult, A., Coolen, F., & Worrall, F. (1999). A Bayesian reappraisal of environmental fate and behaviour data used in pesticide registration. In V. Barnett, & K. Turkman (Eds.), Statistics for the Environment. John Wiley and Sons
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (1999). Modelling the impact of land-use change on water quality in lowland catchments: the role of dynamic nitrogen reservoirs. In L. Heathwaite (Ed.), Impact of land-use change on nutrient loss from diffuse sources: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held During IUGG 99, the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, at Birmingham, UK 18-30 July 1999 (151-157). IAHS Press
• Worrall, F., Wooff, D., Seheult, A., & Coolen, F. (1998). A Bayesian approach to the analysis of environmental fate and behaviour data for pesticide registration. In V. Barnett, K. F. Turkman, & A. Stein (Eds.), Statistics for the Environment: 4 (99-112). John Wiley and Sons

Journal Article

• Fan, X., Worrall, F., Baldini, L. M., & Burt, T. P. (2024). Uncovering nitrogen accumulation in a large mixed land-use catchment: Implications for national-scale budget studies and environmental management. CATENA, 246, Article 108366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108366
• Alderson, D. M., Evans, M. G., Garnett, M. H., & Worrall, F. (2024). Aged carbon mineralisation from headwater peatland floodplains in the Peak District, UK. Geomorphology, 461, Article 109271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109271
• Tye, A. M., Jarvie, H. P., Spears, B. M., Dise, N. B., Williamson, J. L., Lapworth, D. J., Monteith, D., Sanders, R., Mayor, D. J., Bowes, M. J., Bowes, M., Burden, A., Callaghan, N., Farr, G., Felgate, S., Gibb, S., Gilbert, P., Hargreaves, G., Humphrey, O. S., Keenan, P., …Evans, C. D. (2024). Riverine concentrations and export of dissolved silicon, and potential controls on nutrient stoichiometry, across the land–ocean continuum in Great Britain. Journal of Hydrology, 640, Article 131738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131738
• Smedley, P. L., Allen, G., Baptie, B. J., Fraser-Harris, A. P., Ward, R. S., Chambers, R. M., Gilfillan, S. M. V., Hall, J. A., Hughes, A. G., Manning, D. A. C., McDermott, C. I., Nagheli, S., Shaw, J. T., Werner, M. J., & Worrall, F. (2024). Equipping for risk: Lessons learnt from the UK shale-gas experience on assessing environmental risks for the future geoenergy use of the deep subsurface. Science of the Total Environment, 921, Article 171036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171036
• Glatzel, S., Worrall, F., Boothroyd, I. M., & Heckman, K. (2024). Comparison of the transformation of organic matter flux through a raised bog and a blanket bog. Biogeochemistry, 167(4), 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01093-0
• Worrall, F., Clay, G. D., Howden, N. J. K., & Burt, T. P. (2023). Chemical Oxygen Demand as a Measure of Fluvial Organic Matter Oxidation State. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 128(10), Article e2022JG007248. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jg007248
• Liptzin, D., Boy, J., Campbell, J. L., Clarke, N., Laclau, J., Godoy, R., Johnson, S. L., Kaiser, K., Likens, G. E., Karlsson, G. P., Markewitz, D., Rogora, M., Sebestyen, S. D., Shanley, J. B., Vanguelova, E., Verstraeten, A., Wilcke, W., Worrall, F., & McDowell, W. H. (2022). Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Atmospheric Deposition of Dissolved Organic Carbon. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 36(10), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gb007393
• Worrall, F., Howden, N. J., Burt, T. P., & Hannah, D. M. (2022). River water temperature demonstrates resistance to long‐term air temperature change. Hydrological Processes, 36(11), https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14732
• Tye, A. M., Williamson, J. L., Jarvie, H. P., Dise, N. B., Lapworth, D. J., Monteith, D., Sanders, R., Mayor, D. J., Bowes, M. J., Bowes, M., Burden, A., Callaghan, N., Farr, G., Felgate, S. L., Gibb, S., Gilbert, P. J., Hargreaves, G., Keenan, P., Kitidis, V., Jürgens, M. D., …Evans, C. D. (2022). Dissolved inorganic carbon export from rivers of Great Britain: Spatial distribution and potential catchment-scale controls. Journal of Hydrology, 615(Part A), Article 128677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128677
• Burt, T., Pinay, G., Worrall, F., & Howden, N. (2022). Slopes: solute processes and landforms. Memoirs, 58(1), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1144/m58-2021-5
• Worrall, F., Boothroyd, I. M., Clay, G. D., Moody, C. S., Heckman, K., Burt, T. P., & Rose, R. (2022). Constraining the Carbon Budget of Peat Ecosystems: Application of Stoichiometry and Enthalpy Balances. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127(10), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jg007003
• Whelan, M., Linstead, C., Worrall, F., Ormerod, S., Durance, I., Johnson, A., Johnson, D., Owen, M., Wiik, E., Howden, N., Burt, T., Boxall, A., Brown, C., Oliver, D., & Tickner, D. (2022). Is water quality in British rivers “better than at any time since the end of the Industrial Revolution”?. Science of the Total Environment, 843, Article 157014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157014
• Evans, M. G., Alderson, D. M., Evans, C. D., Stimson, A., Allott, T. E., Goulsbra, C., Worrall, F., Crouch, T., Walker, J., Garnett, M. H., & Rowson, J. (2022). Carbon Loss Pathways in Degraded Peatlands: New Insights From Radiocarbon Measurements of Peatland Waters. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127(7), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jg006344
• Worrall, F., Davies, R. J., & Hart, A. (2021). Dynamic baselines for the detection of water quality impacts – the case of shale gas development. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 23(8), 1116-1129. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0em00440e
• Burt, T., Worrall, F., Howden, N., Jarvie, H., Pratt, A., & Hutchinson, T. (2021). A 50‐Year Record Of Nitrate Concentrations In The Slapton Ley Catchment, Devon, United Kingdom. Hydrological Processes, 35(1), Article e13955. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13955
• Ascott, M. J., Gooddy, D. C., Fenton, O., Vero, S., Ward, R. S., Basu, N. B., Worrall, F., Van Meter, K., & Surridge, B. W. (2021). The need to integrate legacy nitrogen storage dynamics and time lags into policy and practice. Science of the Total Environment, 781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146698
• Worrall, F., Boothroyd, I. M., Howden, N. J., Burt, T. P., Kohler, T., & Gregg, R. (2020). Are peatlands cool humid islands in a landscape?. Hydrological Processes, 34(25), 5013-5025. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13921
• Worrall, F., Burt, T. P., Hancock, G. R., Howden, N. J., & Wainwright, J. (2020). The problem of underpowered rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 45(15), 3869-3878. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5007
• Fan, X., Worrall, F., Baldini, L. M., & Burt, T. P. (2020). A spatial total nitrogen budget for Great Britain. Science of the Total Environment, 728, Article 138864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138864
• Wilson, M. P., Worrall, F., Clancy, S. A., Ottley, C. J., Hart, A., & Davies, R. J. (2020). Compartmentalisation and groundwater‐surface water interactions in a prospective shale gas basin: Assessment using variance analysis and multivariate statistics on water quality data. Hydrological Processes, 34(15), 3271-3294. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13795
• Wilson, M., Worrall, F., Davies, R., & Hart, A. (2020). A dynamic baseline for dissolved methane in English groundwater. Science of the Total Environment, 711, Article 134854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134854
• Worrall, F., Howden, N. J., Burt, T. P., & Bartlett, R. (2019). The importance of sewage effluent discharge in the export of dissolved organic carbon from United Kingdom rivers. Hydrological Processes, 33(13), 1851-1864. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13442
• Worrall, F., Boothroyd, I. M., Gardner, R. L., Howden, N. J., Burt, T. P., Smith, R., Mitchell, L., Kohler, T., & Gregg, R. (2019). The impact of peatland restoration on local climate – restoration of a cool humid island. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(6), 1696-1713. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jg005156
• Safi, E., Telling, J., Parnell, J., Chojnacki, M., Patel, M., Realff, J., Blamey, N., Payler, S., Cockell, C., Davies, L., Boothroyd, I., Worrall, F., & Wadham, J. (2019). Aeolian abrasion of rocks as a mechanism to produce methane in the Martian atmosphere. Scientific Reports, 9(1), Article 8229. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44616-2
• Worrall, F., Wade, A. J., Davies, R. J., & Hart, A. (2019). Setting the baseline for shale gas – establishing effective sentinels for water quality impacts of unconventional hydrocarbon development. Journal of Hydrology, 571, 516-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.075
• Noacco, V., Duffy, C. J., Wagener, T., Worrall, F., Fasiolo, M., & Howden, N. J. (2019). Drivers of inter- and intra-annual variability of dissolved organic carbon concentration in the River Thames between 1884 and 2013. Hydrological Processes, 33(6), 994-1012. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13379
• Peacock, M., Gauci, V., Baird, A., Burden, A., Chapman, P., Cumming, A., Evans, J., Grayson, R., Holden, J., Kaduk, J., Morrison, R., Page, S., Pan, G., Ridley, L., Williamson, J., Worrall, F., & Evans, C. (2019). The full carbon balance of a rewetted cropland fen and a conservation-managed fen. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 269, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.020
• Worrall, F., Moody, C. S., Clay, G. D., Burt, T. P., Kettridge, N., & Rose, R. (2018). Thermodynamic control of the carbon budget of a peatland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(6), 1863-1878. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jg003996
• Clancy, S., Worrall, F., Davies, R., & Gluyas, J. (2018). An assessment of the footprint and carrying capacity of oil and gas well sites: The implications for limiting hydrocarbon reserves. Science of the Total Environment, 618, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.160
• Civan, A., Worrall, F., Jarvie, H. P., Howden, N. J., & Burt, T. P. (2018). Forty-year trends in the flux and concentration of phosphorus in British rivers. Journal of Hydrology, 558, 314-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.046
• Moody, C. S., Worrall, F., Clay, G. D., Burt, T. P., Apperley, D. C., & Rose, R. (2018). A Molecular Budget for a Peatland Based Upon 13C Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(2), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg004312
• Worrall, F., Howden, N. J., Burt, T. P., & Bartlett, R. (2018). Declines in the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and flux from the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 556, 775-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.001
• Worrall, F., Burt, T. P., Howden, N. J., Hancock, G. R., & Wainwright, J. (2018). The fate of suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon in transit through the channels of a river catchment. Hydrological Processes, 32(1), 146-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11413
• Worrall, F., Moody, C. S., Clay, G. D., Burt, T. P., & Rose, R. (2017). The flux of organic matter through a peatland ecosystem: The role of cellulose, lignin, and their control of the ecosystem oxidation state. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(7), 1655-1671. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003697
• Moody, C., & Worrall, F. (2017). Modeling rates of DOC degradation using DOM composition and hydroclimatic variables. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(5), 1175-1191. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003493
• Noacco, V., Wagener, T., Worrall, F., Burt, T. P., & Howden, N. J. (2017). Human impact on long-term organic carbon export to rivers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(4), 947-965. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003614
• Boothroyd, I., Almond, S., Worrall, F., & Davies, R. (2017). Assessing the fugitive emission of CH4 via migration along fault zones – Comparing potential shale gas basins to non-shale basins in the UK. Science of the Total Environment, 580, 412-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.052
• Burt, T., Howden, N., & Worrall, F. (2016). The changing water cycle: hydroclimatic extremes in the British Isles. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 3(6), 854-870. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1169
• Finlay, N., Johnson, K., & Worrall, F. (2016). The role of water treatment abstraction in the flux and greenhouse gas emissions from organic carbon and nitrogen within UK rivers. Water Resources Research, 52(10), 8190-8201. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019362
• Worrall, F., Jarvie, H., Howden, N., & Burt, T. (2016). The fluvial flux of total reactive and total phosphorus from the UK in the context of a national phosphorus budget: comparing UK river fluxes with phosphorus trade imports and exports. Biogeochemistry, 130(1-2), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0238-0
• Moody, C., Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2016). Identifying DOC gains and losses during a 20-year record in the Trout Beck catchment, Moor House, UK. Ecological Indicators, 68, 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.11.033
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Howden, N., & Whelan, M. (2016). The UK’s total nitrogen budget from 1990 to 2020: a transition from source to sink?. Biogeochemistry, 129(3), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0234-4
• Worrall, F., Moody, C., Clay, G., Burt, T., & Rose, R. (2016). The total phosphorus budget of a peat-covered catchment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(7), 1814-1828. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003375
• Moody, C., & Worrall, F. (2016). Sub-daily rates of degradation of fluvial carbon from a peat headwater stream. Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, 78(3), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-015-0456-x
• Palmer, S., Evans, C., Chapman, P., Burden, A., Jones, T., Allott, T., Evans, M., Moody, C., Worrall, F., & Holden, J. (2016). Sporadic hotspots for physico-chemical retention of aquatic organic carbon: from peatland headwater source to sea. Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, 78(3), 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-015-0448-x
• Powers, S., Bruulsema, T., Burt, T., Chan, N., Elser, J., Haygarth, P., Howden, N., Jarvie, H., Lyu, Y., Peterson, H., Sharpley, A., Shen, J., Worrall, F., & Zhang, F. (2016). Long-term accumulation and transport of anthropogenic phosphorus in three river basins. Nature Geoscience, 9(5), 353-356. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2693
• Boothroyd, I., Almond, S., Qassim, S., Worrall, F., & Davies, R. (2016). Fugitive emissions of methane from abandoned, decommissioned oil and gas wells. Science of the Total Environment, 547, 461-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.096
• Worrall, F., Clay, G., & Macdonald, A. (2016). The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter. Soil Use and Management, 32(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12228
• Worrall, F., Clay, G., Moody, C., Burt, T., & Rose, R. (2016). The effective oxidation state of a peatland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(1), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg003182
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Howden, N. (2016). The fluvial flux of particulate organic matter from the UK: the emission factor of soil erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 41(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3795
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Howden, N. (2015). The problem of self-correlation in fluvial flux data - the case of nitrate flux from UK rivers. Journal of Hydrology, 530, 328-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.068
• Boothroyd, I., Worrall, F., & Allott, T. (2015). Variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations across peatland hillslopes. Journal of Hydrology, 530, 372-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.002
• Johnson, K., Purvis, G., Lopez-Capel, E., Peacock, C., Gray, N., Wagner, T., März, C., Bowen, L., Ojeda, J., Finlay, N., Robertson, S., Worrall, F., & Greenwell, C. (2015). Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Carbon Stabilization in Manganese Oxides. Nature Communications, 6, Article 7628. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8628
• Barraclough, D., Smith, P., Worrall, F., Black, H., & Bhogal, A. (2015). Is there an impact of climate change on soil carbon contents in England and Wales?. European Journal of Soil Science, 66(3), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12253
• Worrall, F., Howden, N., & Burt, T. (2015). Evidence for nitrogen accumulation: the total nitrogen budget of the terrestrial biosphere of a lowland agricultural catchment. Biogeochemistry, 123(3), 411-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0074-7
• Worrall, F., Howden, N., & Burt, T. (2015). Understanding the diurnal cycle in fluvial dissolved organic carbon – The interplay of in-stream residence time, day length and organic matter turnover. Journal of Hydrology, 523, 830-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.075
• Clay, G., & Worrall, F. (2015). Oxidative ratio (OR) of Southern African soils and vegetation: Updating the global OR estimate. CATENA, 126, 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.029
• Clay, G., & Worrall, F. (2015). Carbon stocks and carbon fluxes from a 10-year prescribed burning chronosequence on a UK blanket peat. Soil Use and Management, 31(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12164
• Clay, G., & Worrall, F. (2015). Estimating the oxidative ratio of UK peats and agricultural soils. Soil Use and Management, 31(1), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12155
• Burt, T., Worrall, F., Howden, N., & Anderson, M. (2015). Shifts in discharge-concentration relationships as a small catchment recover from severe drought. Hydrological Processes, 29(4), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10169
• Dixon, S., Worrall, F., Rowson, J., & Evans, M. (2015). Calluna vulgaris canopy height and blanket peat CO2 flux: Implications for management. Ecological Engineering, 75, 497-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.047
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Clay, G., & Moody, C. (2015). A 19-year long energy budget of an upland peat bog, northern England. Journal of Hydrology, 520, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.019
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Howden, N. (2014). The fluvial flux of particulate organic matter from the UK: Quantifying in-stream losses and carbon sinks. Journal of Hydrology, 519(Part A), 611-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.051
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Howden, N., & Hancock, G. (2014). Variation in suspended sediment yield across the UK – A failure of the concept and interpretation of the sediment delivery ratio. Journal of Hydrology, 519(Part B), 1985-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.066
• Qassim, S., Dixon, S., Rowson, J., Worrall, F., Evans, M., & Bonn, A. (2014). A 5-year study of the impact of peatland revegetation upon DOC concentrations. Journal of Hydrology, 519(Part D), 3578-3590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.014
• Almond, S., Clancy, S., Davies, R., & Worrall, F. (2014). The flux of radionuclides in flowback fluid from shale gas exploitation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(21), 12316-12324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3118-y
• Worrall, F., & Moody, C. (2014). Modeling the rate of turnover of DOC and particulate organic carbon in a UK, peat-hosted stream: Including diurnal cycling in short-residence time systems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(10), 1934-1946. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002671
• Davies, R., Almond, S., Ward, R., Jackson, R., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L., Gluyas, J., & Whitehead, M. (2014). Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for shale and unconventional resource exploitation. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 56, 239-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.03.001
• Moosdorf, N., Weiss, A., Müller, F., Lauerwald, R., Hartmann, J., & Worrall, F. (2014). Salt marshes in the silica budget of the North Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 82, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.04.009
• Worrall, F., Howden, N., & Burt, T. (2014). A method of estimating in-stream residence time of water in rivers. Journal of Hydrology, 512, 274-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.050
• Worrall, F., & Clay, G. (2014). Potential use of heather, Calluna vulgaris, as a bioenergy crop. Biomass and Bioenergy, 64, 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.007
• Rawlins, B., Palumbo-Roe, B., Gooddy, D., Worrall, F., & Smith, H. (2014). A model of potential carbon dioxide efflux from surface water across England and Wales using headwater stream survey data and landscape predictors. Biogeosciences, 11(7), 1911-1925. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1911-2014
• Dixon, S., Qassim, S., Rowson, J., Worrall, F., Evans, M., Boothroyd, I., & Bonn, A. (2014). Restoration effects on water table depths and CO2 fluxes from climatically marginal blanket bog. Biogeochemistry, 118(1-3), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9915-4
• Krause, S., Freer, J., Hannah, D., Howden, N., Wagener, T., & Worrall, F. (2014). Catchment similarity concepts for understanding dynamic biogeochemical behaviour of river basins. Hydrological Processes, 28(3), 1554-1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10093
• Worrall, F., Howden, N., & Burt, T. (2014). Time series analysis of the world’s longest fluvial nitrate record: evidence for changing states of catchment saturation. Hydrological Processes, 22(3), 434-444. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10164
• Haygarth, P., Jarvie, H., Powers, S., Sharpley, A., Elser, J., Shen, J., Peterson, H., Chan, N., Howden, N., Burt, T., Worrall, F., Zhang, F., & Liu, X. (2014). Sustainable Phosphorus Management and the Need for a Long-Term Perspective: The Legacy Hypothesis. Environmental Science and Technology, 48(15), 8417-8419. https://doi.org/10.1021/es502852s
• Worrall, F., Rowson, J., & Dixon, S. (2013). Effects of managed burning in comparison with vegetation cutting on dissolved organic carbon concentrations in peat soils. Hydrological Processes, 27(26), 3994-4003. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9474
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Howden, N. (2013). The flux of suspended sediment from the UK 1974 to 2010. Journal of Hydrology, 504, 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.012
• Worrall, F., Howden, N., & Burt, T. (2013). Assessment of sample frequency bias and precision in fluvial flux calculations – an improved low bias estimation method. Journal of Hydrology, 503, 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.048
• Worrall, F., Clay, G., Masiello, C., & Mynheer, G. (2013). Estimating the oxidative ratio of the global terrestrial biosphere carbon. Biogeochemistry, 115(1-3), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9877-6
• Moody, C., Worrall, F., Evans, C., & Jones, T. (2013). The rate of loss of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a catchment. Journal of Hydrology, 492, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.016
• Worrall, F., Clay, G., Burt, T., & Rose, R. (2012). The multi-annual nitrogen budget of a peat-covered catchment – changing from sink to source?. Science of the Total Environment, 433, 176-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.032
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Howden, N., & Whelan, M. (2012). The fluvial flux of nitrate from the UK terrestrial biosphere – An estimate of national-scale in-stream nitrate loss using an export coefficient model. Journal of Hydrology, 414-415, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.020
• Bell, M., Worrall, F., Smith, P., Bhogal, A., Black, H., Lilly, A., Barraclough, D., & Merrington, G. (2011). UK land-use change and its impact on SOC: 1925–2007. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25, Article GB4015. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gb003881
• Clay, G., & Worrall, F. (2011). Charcoal production in a UK moorland wildfire - How important is it?. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3), 676-682
• Howden, N., Burt, T., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2011). Monitoring fluvial water chemistry for trend detection: hydrological variability masks trends in datasets covering fewer than 12 years. Journal of environmental monitoring, 13(3), 514-521
• Burt, T., Howden, N., Worrall, F., & McDonnell, J. (2011). On the value of long-term, low-frequency water quality sampling: avoiding throwing the baby out with the bathwater. Hydrological Processes, 25(5), 828-830
• Howden, N., Burt, T., Mathias, S., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2011). Modelling long-term diffuse nitrate pollution at the catchment-scale: Data, parameter and epistemic uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology, 403(3-4), 337-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.012
• Bell, M., & Worrall, F. (2011). Charcoal addition to soils in NE England: A carbon sink with environmental co-benefits?. Science of the Total Environment, 409(9), 1704-1714
• Fitton, N., Ejerenwa, C., Bhogal, A., Edgington, P., Black, H., Lilly, A., Barraclough, D., Worrall, F., Hillier, J., & Smith, P. (2011). Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land in Great Britain. Soil Use and Management, 27(4), 491-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00365.x
• Worrall, F., Rowson, J., Evans, M., Pawson, R., Daniels, S., & Bonn, A. (2011). Carbon fluxes from eroding peatlands – the carbon benefit of revegetation following wildfire. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(11), 1487-1498. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2174
• Burt, T., Howden, N., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2011). Nitrate in United Kingdom Rivers: Policy and Its Outcomes Since 1970. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(1), 175-181
• Smith, P., Bhogal, A., Edgington, P., Black, H., Lilly, A., Barraclough, D., Worrall, F., Hillier, J., & Merrington, G. (2010). Consequences of feasible future agricultural land-use change on soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions in Great Britain. Soil Use and Management, 26(4), 381-398
• Clay, G., Worrall, F., & Rose, R. (2010). Carbon budgets of an upland blanket bog managed by prescribed fire. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(G4), Article G04037. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001331
• Rowson, J., Gibson, H., Worrall, F., Ostle, N., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2010). The complete carbon budget of a drained peat catchment. Soil Use and Management, 26(3), 261-273
• Howden, N., Burt, T., Worrall, F., Whelan, M., & Bieroza, M. (2010). Nitrate concentrations and fluxes in the River Thames over 140 years (1868-2008): are increases irreversible?. Hydrological Processes, 24(18), 2657-2662
• Worrall, F., Bell, M., & Bhogal, A. (2010). Assessing the probability of carbon and greenhouse gas benefit from the management of peat soils. Science of the Total Environment, 408(13), 2657-2666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.033
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2010). Has the composition of fluvial DOC changed? Spatiotemporal patterns in the DOC-color relationship. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24,
• Clay, G., Worrall, F., & Fraser, E. (2010). Compositional changes in soil water and runoff water following managed burning on a UK upland blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology, 380(1-2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.030
• Billett, M., Charman, D., Clark, J., Evans, C., Evans, M., Ostle, N., Worrall, F., Burden, A., Dinsmore, K., Jones, T., McNamara, N., Parry, L., Rowson, J., & Rose, R. (2010). Carbon balance of UK peatlands: current state of knowledge and future research challenges. Climate Research, 45(1), 13-29
• Burt, T., Howden, N., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2010). Long-term monitoring of river water nitrate: how much data do we need?. Journal of environmental monitoring, 12(1), 71-79
• Clark, J., Billett, M., Coyle, M., Croft, S., Daniels, S., Evans, C., Evans, M., Freeman, C., Gallego-Sala, A., Heinemeyer, A., House, J., Montieht, D., Nayak, D., Orr, H., Prentice, I., Rose, R., Roswon, J., Smith, J., Smith, P., Tun, Y., …Worrall, F. (2010). Model inter-comparison between statistical and dynamic model assessments of the long-term stability of blanket peat in Great Britain (1940-2099). Climate Research, 45(1), 227-U281
• Worrall, F., Evans, M., Bonn, A., Reed, M., Chapman, D., & Holden, J. (2009). Can carbon offsetting pay for upland ecological restoration?. Science of the Total Environment, 408(1), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.022
• Clay, G., Worrall, F., Clark, E., & Fraser, E. (2009). Hydrological responses to managed burning and grazing in an upland blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology, 376(3-4), 486-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.055
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Howden, N., & Whelan, M. (2009). Fluvial flux of nitrogen from Great Britain 1974-2005 in the context of the terrestrial nitrogen budget of Great Britain. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 23, Article GB3017. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gb003351
• Bell, M., & Worrall, F. (2009). Estimating a region's soil organic carbon baseline: The undervalued role of land-management. Geoderma, 152(1-2), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.020
• Shepherd, T., Chenery, S., Pashley, V., Lord, R., Ander, L., Breward, N., Hobbs, S., Horstwood, M., Klinck, B., & Worrall, F. (2009). Regional lead isotope study of a polluted river catchment: River Wear, Northern England, UK. Science of the Total Environment, 407(17), 4882-4893
• Burt, T., & Worrall, F. (2009). Stream nitrate levels in a small catchment in south west England over a period of 35 years (1970-2005). Hydrological Processes, 23(14), 2056-2068
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Rowson, J., Warburton, J., & Adamson, J. (2009). The multi-annual carbon budget of a peat-covered catchment. Science of the Total Environment, 407(13), 4084-4094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.008
• Gibson, H., Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2009). DOC budgets of drained peat catchments: implications for DOC production in peat soils. Hydrological Processes, 23(13), 1901-1911
• Worrall, F., Spencer, E., & Burt, T. (2009). The effectiveness of nitrate vulnerable zones for limiting surface water nitrate concentrations. Journal of Hydrology, 370(1-4), 21-28
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2009). Changes in DOC treatability: Indications of compositional changes in DOC trends. Journal of Hydrology, 366(1-4), 1-8
• Clay, G., Worrall, F., & Fraser, E. (2009). Effects of managed burning upon dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil water and runoff water following a managed burn of a UK blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology, 367(1-2), 41-51
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2008). Linking pulses of atmospheric deposition to DOC release in an upland peat-covered catchment. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22(4),
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2008). The effect of severe drought on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and flux from British rivers. Journal of Hydrology, 361(3-4), 262-274
• Worrall, F., Gibson, H., & Burt, T. (2008). Production vs. solubility in controlling runoff of DOC from peat soils - The use of an event analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 358(1-2), 84-95
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2008). Long-term records of dissolved organic carbon flux from peat-covered catchments: evidence for a drought effect?. Hydrological Processes, 22(16), 3181-3193
• Worrall, F., & Adamson, J. (2008). The effect of burning and sheep grazing on soil water composition in a blanket bog: evidence for soil structural changes?. Hydrological Processes, 22(14), 2531-2541
• Burt, T., Howden, N., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2008). Importance of long-term monitoring for detecting environmental change: lessons from a lowland river in south east England. Biogeosciences, 5(6), 1529-1535
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2007). Trends in DOC concentration in Great Britain. Journal of Hydrology, 346(1-2), 81-92
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Adamson, J., Reed, M., Warburton, J., Armstrong, A., & Evans, M. (2007). Predicting the future carbon budget of an upland peat catchment. Climatic Change, 85(1-2), 139-158
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2007). Change in runoff initiation probability over a severe drought in a peat soil – Implications for flowpaths. Journal of Hydrology, 345(1-2), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.07.008
• Johnson, C., & Worrall, F. (2007). Zeolite film preparation on and within a muscovite mica by hydrothermal growth, and the potential application of the matrix to metal remediation. Water Research, 41, 2229-2235
• Worrall, F., Armstrong, A., & Holden, J. (2007). Short term impact of peat drain blocking on water colour, dissolved organic carbon concentration and water table depth. Journal of Hydrology, 337(2-4), 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.01.046
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2007). Flux of dissolved organic carbon from U.K. rivers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002709
• Johnson, C., & Worrall, F. (2007). Novel Low Density Granular Adsorbents - Properties of a Composite Matrix from Zeolitisation of Vermiculite. Chemosphere, 68, 1153-1162
• Holden, J., Shotbolt, L., Chapman, P., Dougill, A., Hubacek, K., Kirkby, M., Reed, M., Turner, A., & Worrall, F. (2007). Changing environmental conditions in UK moorlands: a review. Earth-Science Reviews, 82, 75-100
• Kannan, N., White, S., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2007). Hydrological modelling of a small catchment using SWAT-2000 – Ensuring correct flow partitioning for contaminant modeling. Journal of Hydrology, 334, 64-72
• Worrall, F., Gibson, H., & Burt, T. (2007). Modelling the impact of drainage and drain-blocking on dissolved organic carbon release from peatlands. Journal of Hydrology, 338(1-2), 15-27
• Johnson, C., Mallon, A., & Worrall, F. (2007). Adhered zeolite preparation on and within a muscovite mica by hydrothermal growth. Clays and Clay Minerals, 54(6), 678-688
• Kannan, N., White, S., Worrall, F., & Whelan, M. (2007). Sensitivity analysis and identification of the best evapotranspiration and runoff options for hydrological modelling in SWAT-2000. Journal of Hydrology, 332, 456-466
• Johnson, C., & Worrall, F. (2007). Zeolitisation of Pumice – Microporous Materials on Macroporous Support Structures Derived From Natural Materials. Journal of materials chemistry, 17, 476-484
• Burt, T., & Worrall, F. (2007). Non-stationarity in long time series: some curious reversals in the "memory" effect. Hydrological Processes, 21, 3529-3531. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6889
• Worrall, F., Armstrong, A., & Adamson, J. (2007). The effect of burning and sheepgrazing on water table depth and soil water quality in a blanket bog. Journal of Hydrology, 339, 1-14
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2006). Do nitrogen inputs stimulate dissolved organic carbon production in upland peat bogs?. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20(3), https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gb002524
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2006). Trends in drought frequency – the fate of Northern Peatlands. Climatic Change, 76(3-4), 339-359
• Kannan, N., White, S., Worrall, F., & et al. (2006). Pesticide modelling for a small catchment using SWAT-2000. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews, 41(7), 1049-1070. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230600850804
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2006). Long-term changes in hydrological pathways in an upland peat catchment – recovery from severe drought?. Journal of Hydrology, 321, 5-20
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson., J. (2006). The rate of and controls upon DOC loss in a peat catchment. Journal of Hydrology, 321, 311-325
• Lamping, J., Worrall, F., Morgan, H., & Taylor, S. (2005). Effectiveness of Aeration and Mixing in the Remediation of a Saline Stratified River. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(18), 7269-7278. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040471b
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2005). Fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic carbon from an upland peat catchment: implications for soil respiration. Biogeochemistry, 73(3), 515-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-1717-2
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2005). Reconstructing long-term records of dissolved CO2. Hydrological Processes, 19, 1791-1806. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5635
• Worrall, F., & Kolpin, D. (2005). Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution – combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors. Journal of Hydrology, 293, 191-204
• Worrall, F., & Lancaster, A. (2005). The release of CO2 from riverwaters – the contribution of excess CO2 from groundwater. Biogeochemistry, 76, 299-317
• Worrall, F., Swank, W., & Burt, T. (2005). Fluxes of inorganic carbon from forested catchments. Hydrological Processes, 19, 3021-3035
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2005). Predicting the future DOC flux form upland peat catchments. Journal of Hydrology, 300, 126-139
• Worrall, F., & Besien, T. (2005). The vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide contamination as measured directly from borehole observations. Journal of Hydrology, 303, 95-107
• Worrall, F., Harriman, R., Evans, C., Watts, C., Adamson, J., Neal, C., Tipping, E., Burt, T., Grieve, I., Montieth, D., Naden, P., Nisbet, T., Reynolds, B., & Stevens, P. (2004). Trends in dissolved organic carbon in UK rivers and lakes. Biogeochemistry, 70(3), 369-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-8131-7
• Johnson, C., & Worrall, F. (2004). Chemical pore closure of zeolite A using tetraethyl orthosilicate; A potential method for enhancing the use of zeolites as part of a long-term waste immobilization strategy. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 73(3), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.05.012
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2004). Time series analysis of long-term river dissolved organic carbon records. Hydrological Processes, 18(5), 893-911. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1321
• Worrall, F., & Thomsen, M. (2004). A quantum vs. topological descriptors in the development of molecular models of groundwater pollution by pesticides. Chemosphere, 54(4), 585-596
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2004). Can climate change explain increases in DOC flux from upland peat catchments?. Science of the Total Environment, 326, 95-112
• Johnson, C., & Worrall, F. (2004). The impact of surface coatings on the potential use of zeolites in waste immobilization. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 73, 191-196
• Johnson, C., Feldmann, J., Macphee, D., Worrall, F., & Skakle., J. (2004). Synthesis and proposed crystal structure of a disordered cadmium arsenate apatite Cd₅(AsO₄)₃Cl1-2x-yOxVacxOHy. Dalton Transactions, 21, 3611-3616
• Worrall, F., Reed, M., Warburton, J., & Burt, T. (2003). Carbon budget for a British upland peat catchment. Science of the Total Environment, 312(1-3), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697%2803%2900226-2
• Worrall, F., Swank, W., & Burt, T. (2003). Changes in stream nitrate concentrations due to land management practices, ecological succession, and climate: Developing a systems approach to integrated catchment response. Hydrological Processes, 39(7), 1-14
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Adamson, J. (2003). Controls on the chemistry of runoff from an upland peat catchment. Hydrological Processes, 17, 2063-2083
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Shedden, R. (2003). Long terms records of riverine carbon flux. Biogeochemistry, 64, 165-178
• Worrall, F., & Kolpin, D. (2003). Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminant. Water Resources Research, 39(12), https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001212
• Worrall, F., Burt, T., Jaeban, R., Warburton, J., & Shedden, R. (2002). Release of dissolved organic carbon from upland peat. Hydrological Processes, 16(17), 3487-3504. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1111
• Worrall, F., Besien, T., & Kolpin, D. (2002). Groundwater vulnerability: interactions of chemical and catchment properties. Science of the Total Environment, 299, 131-143
• Heppell, K., Worrall, F., Burt, T., & Williams, R. (2002). Styles of macropore flow: implications for pollutant transport. Hydrological Processes, 16, 27-46
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (2001). Inter-annual controls on nitrate export from an agricultural catchment - How much land-use change is safe?. Journal of Hydrology, 243(3-4), 228-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694%2800%2900411-x
• Worrall, F., & Pearson, D. (2001). The use of rare earth elements to fingerprint water-rock interactions in an acidic mine discharge. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 3027-3040. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037%2801%2900662-7
• Worrall, F., & Pearson, D. (2001). The development of acidic groundwaters in coal-bearing strata: Part I. Rare earth element fingerprinting. Applied Geochemistry, 16, 1465-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927%2801%2900018-x
• Worrall, F. (2001). A molecular topology approach to predicting pesticide pollution of groundwater. Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 2282-2287
• Wright, J., & Worrall, F. (2001). The effects of river flow on water quality in estuarine impoundments
• Worrall, F., Fernandez-Perez, M., Johnson, A., & Gonzalez-Pradas, E. (2001). Limitations on the role of incorporated organic matter in reducing pesticide leaching. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 49,3-4, 241-262
• Worrall, F., Wooff, D., Seheult, A., & Coolen, F. (2000). New approaches to the assessment of environmental fate of pesticides. Journal of the Geological Society, 157, 877-884
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (1999). A univariate model of riverwater-nitrate time series. Journal of Hydrology, 214, 74-90
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (1999). The impact of land-use change on water quality at the catchment scale: the use of export coefficient and structural models. Journal of Hydrology, 221, 75-90
• Worrall, F., Parker, A., Rae, J., & Johnson, A. (1999). A study of suspended and colloidal matter in the leachate from lysimeters and its role in pesticide transport. Journal of Environmental Quality, 28, 595-604
• Worrall, F., Wooff, D., & Mcintyre, P. (1998). A simple management model for estuarine water quality. Science of the Total Environment, 219(1), 41-51
• Worrall, F., Wooff, D., Seheult, A., & Coolen, F. (1998). A simple Bayesian approach to the interpretation of environmental fate and behaviour data for pesticide registration
• Worrall, F., & McIntyre, P. (1998). The Wansbeck barrage scheme: Britain's oldest amenity barrage
• Worrall, F., & Burt, T. (1998). Decomposition of river water nitrate time series - comparing the agricultural and urban signals. Science of the Total Environment, 210/211, 153-162
• Worrall, F., Parker, A., Rae, J., & Johnson, A. (1997). A study of adsorption kinetics of isoproturon on soil and subsoil: the role of dissolved organic carbon. Chemosphere, 34, 87-97
• Worrall, F., Parker, A., Rae, J., & Johnson, A. (1997). A study of the adsorption kinetics of isoproturon on soil and subsoil. Chemosphere, 34, 71-86
• Worrall, F., Parker, A., Rae, J., & Johnson, A. (1997). The occurrence and significance of earthworm burrows in relation to pesticide transport. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 61, 211-222
• Johnson, A., Worrall, F., White, C., & Walker, A. (1997). The potential of incorporated organic matter to reduce pesticide leaching. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 58, 47-61
• Worrall, F., Parker, A., Rae, J., & Johnson, A. (1996). Study of the equilibrium adsorption of isoproturon onto soils, subsoils and clay minerals. European Journal of Soil Science, 47, 265-272